chấp

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The Vietnamese word "chấp" has several meanings and uses, primarily as a verb. Here's a detailed explanation to help you understand it better:

Basic Meaning

1. To Give a Handicap or Defy: In competitive contexts, "chấp" is often used to indicate that someone is giving a disadvantage to themselves or others. For example, in a race, if one person runs 10 meters behind another, we say that person is "chấp bạn mười mét" (giving a 10-meter handicap to a friend).

   • "Trong cuộc chạy thi 100 mét, anh ấy chấp bạn mười mét mà vẫn thắng."
   • Translation: "In the 100-meter race, he gave his friend a 10-meter handicap and still won."

2. To Accept or Grant: "Chấp" can also mean to accept a request or to grant something formally.

   • "Họ đã chấp đơn xin việc của tôi."
   • Translation: "They have accepted my job application."

3. To Resent or Hold a Grudge: In a more emotional context, "chấp" can mean to resent something or to hold a grudge against someone.

   • "Nó lỡ lời, chấp làm gì."
   • Translation: "It was a slip of his tongue; don't hold a grudge against him."

Advanced Usage

• Chấp mọi khó khăn: This phrase means to defy all difficulties, suggesting a strong determination to overcome challenges.

  • "Chúng ta phải chấp mọi khó khăn để đạt được mục tiêu."
  • Translation: "We must defy all difficulties to achieve our goals."

Word Variants

• "Chấp nhận": This phrase means to accept or acknowledge something.
• "Chấp thuận": This means to approve or consent to something.

Different Meanings

• In a Competitive Context: Giving a handicap in sports or games.
• In Emotional Context: Holding onto negative feelings or grudges.
• In Administrative or Legal Context: Accepting requests or applications.

Synonyms

• For "to accept": "nhận", "công nhận".
• For "to defy": "thách thức".
• For "to resent": "oán giận".

Summary

"Chấp" is a versatile verb in Vietnamese that can convey different meanings based on the context. It can indicate giving a handicap, accepting requests, or even holding grudges.

Academic

verb

1. To give some handicap
   • chấp bạn mười mét trong cuộc chạy thi 100 mét mà vẫn thắng
2. To defy
   • một người chấp ba người
     one man defies three
   • chấp mọi khó khăn
     to defy all difficulties
3. To accept, to grant
   • chấp đơn
     to accept (grant) a request
4. To resent, to have a grudge against
   • nó lỡ lời, chấp làm gì
     it was a slip of his tongue, don't have a grudge against him
   • chấp làm gì lời nói của trẻ con