Definition

1. Adjective:
   • In excess, more than one can manage: "Mứa" describes a state of having too much of something, beyond what is needed or can be used, often leading to waste or surplus.

Usage

• "Mứa" is almost exclusively used in the compound forms "bỏ mứa" and "thừa mứa". It is very rare to see "mứa" used alone in modern Vietnamese.
• It conveys a negative sense of excess, implying wastefulness or an unmanageable surplus.

Usage Examples

• In compound form "thừa mứa":

  • Cửa hàng có thừa mứa hàng hóa sau đợt khuyến mãi. (The store has a surplus of goods after the promotion.)
  • Thông tin trên mạng xã hội nhiều đến thừa mứa. (There is an excessive amount of information on social media.)

• In compound form "bỏ mứa":

  • Nhiều trẻ em ở vùng sâu vùng xa vẫn phải bỏ mứa bữa ăn. (Many children in remote areas still have to leave their meals unfinished / go hungry.)
  • Anh ấy bỏ mứa cả đống công việc trên bàn. (He left a pile of work unfinished on his desk.)

Advanced Usage

• The core meaning of "mứa" relates to an undesirable state of overflow or leftover. The compounds specify the context:
  • "Thừa mứa": Focuses on the state of having an excessive, overflowing amount.
  • "Bỏ mứa": Focuses on the action or consequence of leaving something (like food, work) unused or unfinished due to excess, neglect, or inability.

Variants and Related Words

• Thừa mứa (adj/phrase): Excessive, in surplus, overflowing.
• Bỏ mứa (verb phrase): To leave unfinished (especially food); to waste by not using/consuming.

Synonyms

• Thừa thãi: Redundant, superfluous (also means excessive, but can be less negative than "thừa mứa").
• Dư thừa: Surplus, excess.

Notes

• "Mứa" itself is not a standalone word in common usage. Learners should learn and use the complete phrases "thừa mứa" and "bỏ mứa".
• These phrases are often used to criticize a situation of waste or to emphasize an extreme degree of surplus.

1. In excess, more than one can manage (xem bỏ mứa, thừa mứa)