dư
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adjective:
- Surplus / extra / remaining: Describes an amount that is more than what is needed or used, what is left over.
- Odd (used after a round number): Used after a tens or hundreds number to indicate a small, unspecified amount over that round number.
Verb (less common):
- To have more than enough / to be in excess: To possess or exist in a quantity greater than necessary.
Usage Examples
Adjective:
- Tiền thu về dư ngân sách. (The money collected is surplus to the budget.)
- Có dư chục người. (There were a ten odd people / There were ten-odd people.)
- Mua nhiều quá, giờ thức ăn còn dư. (We bought too much, now there is leftover food.)
Verb:
- Anh ấy dư sức chiến thắng. (He has more than enough strength to win.)
Advanced Usage
"dư dả": ample, plentiful, more than sufficient (often for money, time, or resources).
- Gia đình họ sống rất dư dả. (Their family lives very comfortably/amply.)
"dư âm": resonance, reverberation; lingering impression or aftereffect.
- Dư âm của bản nhạc vẫn còn vang vọng. (The resonance of the music still echoes.)
Variants and Related Words
Dư thừa (adj): redundant, excessive, surplus.
- Công ty cắt giảm nhân sự dư thừa. (The company cut redundant personnel.)
Dư luận (n): public opinion.
- Dư luận xã hội phản ứng mạnh. (Public opinion reacted strongly.)
Synonyms
- Surplus: an amount left over when requirements have been met.
- Excess: an amount that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable.
- Remaining: left over after others or other parts have been completed or used.
- Odd (number): used to designate an indefinite quantity more than the round number specified.
Related Idioms
Dư giả: Well-off, having more than enough (similar to "dư dả").
- Cuộc sống dư giả. (A well-off life.)
Ăn dư ở lành: To live virtuously and comfortably, often implying living off surplus wealth righteously earned.
- Cụ ấy cả đời ăn dư ở lành. (He lived a virtuous and comfortable life.)
adj
- Odd
- có dư chục ngườiThere were a ten odd people