Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Surplus / extra / remaining: Describes an amount that is more than what is needed or used, what is left over.
   • Odd (used after a round number): Used after a tens or hundreds number to indicate a small, unspecified amount over that round number.

2. Verb (less common):

   • To have more than enough / to be in excess: To possess or exist in a quantity greater than necessary.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:

  • Tiền thu về dư ngân sách. (The money collected is surplus to the budget.)
  • Có dư chục người. (There were a ten odd people / There were ten-odd people.)
  • Mua nhiều quá, giờ thức ăn còn dư. (We bought too much, now there is leftover food.)

• Verb:

  • Anh ấy dư sức chiến thắng. (He has more than enough strength to win.)

Advanced Usage

• "dư dả": ample, plentiful, more than sufficient (often for money, time, or resources).

  • Gia đình họ sống rất dư dả. (Their family lives very comfortably/amply.)

• "dư âm": resonance, reverberation; lingering impression or aftereffect.

  • Dư âm của bản nhạc vẫn còn vang vọng. (The resonance of the music still echoes.)

Variants and Related Words

• Dư thừa (adj): redundant, excessive, surplus.

  • Công ty cắt giảm nhân sự dư thừa. (The company cut redundant personnel.)

• Dư luận (n): public opinion.

  • Dư luận xã hội phản ứng mạnh. (Public opinion reacted strongly.)

Synonyms

• Surplus: an amount left over when requirements have been met.
• Excess: an amount that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable.
• Remaining: left over after others or other parts have been completed or used.
• Odd (number): used to designate an indefinite quantity more than the round number specified.

Related Idioms

• Dư giả: Well-off, having more than enough (similar to "dư dả").

  • Cuộc sống dư giả. (A well-off life.)

• Ăn dư ở lành: To live virtuously and comfortably, often implying living off surplus wealth righteously earned.

  • Cụ ấy cả đời ăn dư ở lành. (He lived a virtuous and comfortable life.)

adj

1. Odd
   • có dư chục người
     There were a ten odd people