cặm
Definition
- Verb:
- To fix; to plant: The primary meaning of "cặm" is to set something firmly into a surface, such as planting a stake in the ground or fixing an object into place.
- (Of a cart, vehicle) to be derailed or bogged down: Used to describe a wheeled vehicle (like a cart or wagon) that has come off its rails or is stuck in mud, unable to move.
Usage Examples
Verb (to fix/plant):
- Người nông dân cặm cây tre xuống đất. (The farmer planted the bamboo pole into the ground.)
- Cô ấy cặm cọc tiêu để đánh dấu lô đất. (She fixed the marker stakes to demarcate the plot of land.)
Verb (to be bogged down/derailed):
- Chiếc goòng bị cặm trên đường ray. (The mine cart was derailed on the track.)
- Xe bò cặm giữa đường lầy lội. (The ox cart got bogged down in the muddy road.)
Advanced Usage
- "cặm cụi": This is a common reduplicative form. It functions as an adverb or adjective meaning "diligently," "assiduously," or "with great concentration on a task." It describes working hard and persistently.
- Anh ấy cặm cụi làm việc cả đêm. (He worked diligently all night.)
- Cô ấy cặm cụi đọc tài liệu. (She pored over the documents assiduously.)
Variants and Related Words
- Cắm: A more common and standard synonym for the "to fix/plant" meaning. "Cặm" is often considered a regional or colloquial variant of "cắm."
- Cắm cờ (to plant a flag)
- Mắc kẹt: A common phrase meaning "to be stuck," which is similar to the second meaning of "cặm" for vehicles.
- Xe bị mắc kẹt trong bùn. (The vehicle is stuck in the mud.)
Synonyms
- Ghim, đóng (to pin, to drive in): For the "to fix" meaning.
- Trồng (to plant): Specifically for plants.
- Sa lầy, kẹt (to be bogged down, to be stuck): For the "bogged down" meaning.
Notes on Usage
- The verb "cặm" (to fix/plant) is less common in formal modern Vietnamese than its synonym "cắm". It may be encountered in certain dialects or older texts.
- The meaning related to vehicles being stuck ("xe cặm") is also a specific and somewhat dated usage.
- The reduplicative form "cặm cụi" is widely used and is an important lexical item to know, as it is very common in describing diligent work.
verb
-
to fix; to plant
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