hăm

Definition

Verb:
- To threaten; to intimidate: To express an intention to cause harm or unpleasant consequences to someone, often to coerce them into doing or not doing something.
Adjective:
- (Of skin) Chafed; suffering from intertrigo: Describing skin, especially on infants, that is red, sore, and inflamed, typically in body folds like the neck, armpits, or groin, due to moisture, friction, or lack of cleanliness.
Numeral (Colloquial):
- Twenty: Used as a numeral, particularly when followed by a unit from one to nine (e.g., hăm mốt for twenty-one, hăm ba for twenty-three). This is an informal or regional variant of hai mươi.

Usage Examples

Verb:
- Cô ta hăm đuổi tôi. (She threatened to fire me.)
- Nó giơ nắm đấm lên hăm dọa. (He raised his fist to intimidate.)
Adjective:
- Em bé bị hăm ở cổ. (The baby has chafed skin on the neck.)
- Vùng da bị hăm cần được giữ khô ráo. (The chafed skin area needs to be kept dry.)
Numeral:
- Ông ấy đã hăm mấy tuổi đầu rồi. (He is already in his twenties.)
- Hăm ba người đã tham gia. (Twenty-three people participated.)

Advanced Usage

The verbal use () is often seen in confrontational or warning contexts. It can imply a bluff or a less severe threat compared to stronger words like .
The adjectival use () is almost exclusively related to childcare and dermatology.

Variants and Related Words

Hăm dọa (v): to threaten, to menace. A compound emphasizing the act of intimidation.
- Đừng có hăm dọa người khác. (Don't go around threatening people.)
Hăm hở (adj): eager, enthusiastic. A distinct word with a different, positive meaning related to zeal.
- Cậu ấy làm việc rất hăm hở. (He works with great eagerness.)

Synonyms

Related Idioms

Hăm he: (Verb phrase) To make threatening gestures or utterances; to bluster.
- Nó chỉ hăm he cho oai, chứ không dám đánh nhau đâu. (He's just blustering to look tough, he doesn't dare to fight.)

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