gì
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Interrogative pronoun:
- What: A word used to ask about an unspecified thing, matter, or phenomenon. It is the primary interrogative pronoun for "what" in Vietnamese.
- Whatever, anything: When used with words like "cũng" (also) or in negative sentences, it means "whatever," "anything," or "nothing."
Particle (used after verbs or adjectives):
- Expressing negation or dismissal: Used to express negation, dismissal, or a rhetorical question, often with a tone of contempt, denial, or emphasis on the insignificance of something.
Usage Examples
As an interrogative pronoun (What):
- Đó là cái gì? (What is that?)
- Anh tên là gì? (What is your name?)
- Cô ấy nói gì vậy? (What did she say?)
Meaning "whatever," "anything," or "nothing":
- Tôi gì cũng ăn được. (I can eat anything. / I eat whatever.)
- Nó không biết gì cả. (He doesn't know anything. / He knows nothing.)
- Không có gì đâu. (It's nothing. / Don't mention it.)
As a particle expressing dismissal or negation:
- Người gì mà thô lỗ thế! (What kind of rude person is that!)
- Xa gì đâu, chỉ đi bộ 5 phút thôi. (It's not far at all, just a 5-minute walk.)
- Anh ấy giàu gì! (He's not rich at all! / What riches does he have!)
Advanced Usage
"gì đó": something, what is it.
- Có chuyện gì đó xảy ra. (Something happened.)
- Đây là cái gì đó? (What is this thing?)
"bất cứ... gì" / "dù... gì": whatever, no matter what.
- Dù có chuyện gì xảy ra, tôi cũng sẽ ở bên bạn. (No matter what happens, I will be by your side.)
- Bất cứ gì bạn cần, hãy nói với tôi. (Whatever you need, tell me.)
"gì... gì": and so on, et cetera (used informally to list things vaguely).
- Cửa hàng bán quần áo, giày dép, gì gì đấy. (The shop sells clothes, shoes, and so on.)
Variants and Related Words
- Sao (adv): Why, how (another interrogative word, but for manner or reason).
- Nào (interrogative particle): Which (used in questions about choice).
- Điều gì: What thing (a more formal or specific variant for "what").
Synonyms
- Chi (interrogative pronoun, dialectal/southern Vietnamese): What.
- Làm chi vậy? (What are you doing?)
- Vật gì / Điều gì: What thing (more formal/literal).
Related Phrases (Collocations)
- Là gì?: What is it? (Common question structure).
- Nghĩa của từ này là gì? (What is the meaning of this word?)
- Có gì... không?: Is there anything...? (Common question pattern).
- Trong túi có gì không? (Is there anything in the bag?)
- Chẳng có gì: There's nothing; It's nothing (common polite expression).
- Chẳng có gì đáng lo cả. (There's nothing to worry about.)
Related Idioms
- Biết gì đâu!: (I/He/She) doesn't know anything! (Expressing that someone is ignorant of the situation).
- Nó còn trẻ, biết gì đâu! (He's still young, what does he know!)
- Gì chứ...: As for... (Used to introduce a contrasting or emphatic point).
- Gì chứ, việc này thì tôi phải giúp. (As for this matter, I must help.)
- Gì cũng được: Anything is fine; Whatever is okay.
- Ăn gì cũng được. (I'll eat anything. / Anything is fine to eat.)
verb
- what
- gì đó?What is it?
- Whatever
- dẫu có nghe điều gì anh cũng không nên nóiWhatever you hear, say nothing