Definition

1. Adverb:

   • Always; constantly; often: Indicates that an action occurs continuously, repeatedly, or with high frequency.
   • Each; every: Used before a time noun to indicate regularity or recurrence.

2. Noun (Literary, archaic):

   • The moon: A poetic or classical term for the moon.

Usage Examples

• Adverb:

  • Anh ấy hằng nhắc nhở tôi về điều đó. (He always reminds me about that.)
  • Tạp chí được phát hành hằng tuần. (The magazine is published every week.)
  • Cô ấy hằng mong ước được đi du lịch. (She constantly dreams of traveling.)

• Noun (Literary):

  • Ánh hằng soi sáng bầu trời đêm. (The light of the moon illuminates the night sky.) (This usage is rare in modern spoken Vietnamese.)

Advanced Usage

• "hằng ngày": daily; every day.
  • Công việc hằng ngày của tôi khá bận rộn. (My daily work is quite busy.)
• "hằng năm": yearly; annually; every year.
  • Sự kiện này được tổ chức hằng năm. (This event is held annually.)
• "hằng tâm" (literary): constant heart/mind; unwavering intention.
  • Với hằng tâm giúp đỡ mọi người. (With an unwavering intention to help people.)

Variants and Related Words

• Hằng hà sa số (idiomatic): Countless; as numerous as the sands of the Ganges (a Buddhist phrase).
  • Có hằng hà sa số vì sao trên trời. (There are countless stars in the sky.)
• Hằng số (noun): Constant (in mathematics, physics).
  • Hằng số tốc độ ánh sáng. (The constant speed of light.)
• Ả Hằng, Chị Hằng (proper nouns): Poetic names for the Moon (often personified, e.g., in the Mid-Autumn Festival context).

Synonyms

• Luôn luôn: Always.
• Thường xuyên: Frequently; often.
• Mỗi: Each (used differently, e.g., also means "each day," but is a fixed phrase for "daily").

Notes on Usage

• As an adverb, "hằng" is often used in written or more formal Vietnamese. In casual speech, words like , , or the structure are more common.
• When meaning "each/every," "hằng" is almost always followed by a time word (e.g., ).
• The noun form meaning "the moon" is now primarily found in poetry, classical literature, or fixed expressions.

1. always; often

noun

1. the moon