Definition

1. Verb:
   • To burn; to fire; to bake: The action of applying intense heat to an object, typically to change its physical or chemical properties, such as hardening clay, processing lime, or smelting ore. It implies a controlled, high-temperature process, often in a kiln or furnace.

Usage Examples

• Verb:
  • Thợ gốm đang nung những chiếc bình trong lò. (The potter is firing the vases in the kiln.)
  • Người ta dùng lò lớn để nung vôi. (People use a large kiln to burn lime.)
  • Quặng sắt cần được nung ở nhiệt độ rất cao. (Iron ore needs to be fired at a very high temperature.)

Advanced Usage

• "nung nấu": to brood over, to harbor (a thought or feeling intensely).
  • Anh ấy nung nấu ý định khởi nghiệp. (He has been brooding over the idea of starting a business.)
• "nung đỏ": to heat until red-hot.
  • Người thợ rèn nung đỏ thanh sắt trước khi rèn. (The blacksmith heats the iron bar until it is red-hot before forging it.)

Variants and Related Words

• Lò nung (n): kiln, furnace.
  • Lò nung gốm đã sẵn sàng. (The pottery kiln is ready.)
• Sự nung (n): the act or process of firing/burning.
• Nung chảy (v): to melt by heating, to smelt.
  • Nung chảy kim loại. (To smelt metal.)

Synonyms

• Đốt: to burn (more general, can imply combustion).
• Nấu chảy: to melt (specifically to liquefy by heat).
• Thiêu: to burn, to cremate (often for destruction or rituals).

Related Phrases (Phrasal Verbs)

(This section is less common for Vietnamese verbs in the same way as English phrasal verbs. The concepts are often expressed through compound verbs or phrases.) - Nung luyện: to temper, to forge (through heat and hardship); often used metaphorically for character. - Những khó khăn đã nung luyện ý chí của anh ấy. (The difficulties have tempered his will.)

Related Idioms

• Nung nấu mối hận: to harbor a burning grudge.
  • Hắn nung nấu mối hận từ nhiều năm nay. (He has been harboring a burning grudge for many years.)
• Nung gan sôi máu: (idiom) to be seething with anger (literally: to have one's liver burned and blood boiled).
  • Hành động của hắn khiến tôi nung gan sôi máu. (His actions made my blood boil.)

verb

1. to burn; to fire; to bake