Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Shrivelled, wrinkled, crumpled: Describes something that has become contracted, folded, or creased, often due to drying, shrinking, or being squeezed, resulting in a surface full of small folds or wrinkles.
   • Shrunken: Can describe something that has contracted in size, losing its smoothness or fullness.

Usage Examples

• Adjective:
  • Lá cây bị héo rúm lại dưới ánh nắng mặt trời. (The leaves became shrivelled under the sun.)
  • Cô ấy vò tờ giấy thành một cục rúm ró. (She crumpled the paper into a wrinkled ball.)
  • Da của người già thường có nhiều nếp rúm. (The skin of elderly people often has many wrinkles.)

Advanced Usage

• "rúm ró": An intensified or more descriptive form meaning very crumpled, very wrinkled, or all scrunched up.
  • Chiếc áo bị nhét trong vali nên giờ trông rúm ró. (The shirt was stuffed in the suitcase so now it looks all crumpled.)

Variants and Related Words

• Nhăn rúm (adj): Very wrinkled, deeply creased (often for skin or fabric).
  • Trán anh ấy nhăn rúm vì lo lắng. (His forehead was deeply furrowed with worry.)
• Co rúm (verb phrase): To shrink back, to cower (often from fear or cold).
  • Đứa trẻ co rúm người lại trong góc. (The child cowered in the corner.)

Synonyms

• Nhăn nheo: Wrinkled, creased (often for skin or surfaces).
• Quăn queo: Curled up, shrivelled (can apply to things like dried leaves).
• Teo tóp: Shrivelled, shrunken (often due to drying out or malnutrition).

Notes on Different Meanings

• The primary meaning relates to a physical state of being wrinkled or shrivelled.
• It often carries a connotation of something losing its intended form, becoming less desirable, or appearing aged/dried out.
• It is not typically used for abstract concepts.

1. Shrivelled