Definition

1. Pronoun:

   • He, him: A third-person singular pronoun used to refer to a man or male person, often carrying a neutral or slightly disrespectful, familiar, or condescending tone. It is not used for respected figures.
   • It: In some formal or bureaucratic contexts, it can refer to an inanimate object or abstract concept (e.g., a document, a regulation).

2. Noun:

   • Medicine (abbreviation): A common abbreviation for "y học" (medicine) or "y khoa" (medical science). Used in terms related to the medical field.

3. Verb:

   • To approve, to ratify (abbreviation): An abbreviation for "chuẩn y," meaning to officially approve or ratify a document, request, or decision.
   • To comply with, to follow: To act in accordance with or to adhere to an agreement, order, or promise.

4. Adverb:

   • Exactly like, in accordance with: Used to indicate that something is done exactly as before or in strict conformity with a model or instruction.

Usage Examples

• Pronoun:
  • Y đã đi rồi. (He has already left.)
  • Anh có biết y không? (Do you know him?)
• Noun:
  • Học trường y. (To study at a medical school.)
  • Ngành y. (The medical field.)
• Verb (to approve):
  • Đề án đã được cấp trên y. (The project has been approved by the superiors.)
• Verb (to comply):
  • Y lệnh cấp trên. (To follow the orders of one's superiors.)
  • Y hẹn. (To keep an appointment/promise.)
• Adverb:
  • Làm y như cũ. (To do exactly as before.)
  • Sao y bản chính. (To make a true copy of the original document.)

Advanced Usage

• "y án" (legal term): To uphold a sentence/judgment. Refers to a higher court confirming the verdict of a lower court.
  • Tòa phúc thẩm đã y án sơ thẩm. (The appellate court upheld the trial court's sentence.)
• The pronoun "y" is considered somewhat archaic or literary in modern spoken Vietnamese. In contemporary usage, "nó" (for both genders, often informal) or "anh ấy" (he/him, more neutral) are more common. "Y" is still found in literature, historical contexts, or to deliberately convey a dismissive tone.

Variants and Related Words

• Y học (n): Medicine (the science).
• Y khoa (n): Medical science.
• Y tá (n): Nurse.
• Bác sĩ (n): Doctor.
• Chuẩn y (v): To officially approve/ratify (full form).
• Y nguyên (adv): Completely intact, exactly as it was.

Synonyms

• Pronoun: Nó (it/he/she - informal), anh ấy (he - neutral), hắn (he - derogatory).
• Noun (medicine): Ngành y, y học.
• Verb (to approve): Phê chuẩn, thông qua, đồng ý.
• Verb (to comply): Tuân theo, tuân thủ, làm theo.
• Adverb: Đúng, chính xác, nguyên vẹn.

Related Phrases (Phrasal Verbs / Common Collocations)

• Sao y bản chính: To make a certified/true copy.
• Y lời: To keep one's word.
• Y như đúc: To be exactly alike, identical.
• Y phục (n): Clothing, attire (Note: This is a Sino-Vietnamese compound where "y" means clothing, different from the main entry word).

Related Idioms

• Y chang: Exactly the same, a perfect copy. (Similar to "y như đúc").
  • Chiếc áo mới y chang cái cũ. (The new shirt is exactly the same as the old one.)

noun

1. he, him