bần

Definition

Noun:
- Cork tree (Sonneratia caseolaris): A type of mangrove tree commonly found in brackish water areas, with distinctive aerial roots (pneumatophores) that protrude above the mud.
- Cork (material): The light, buoyant, and elastic material harvested from the bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber), often used to make stoppers.
Adjective:
- Poor, impoverished: Lacking sufficient money or material possessions; living in poverty.
- Stingy, miserly (colloquial): Unwilling to spend money; mean.

Usage Examples

Noun (Cork tree):
- Rừng bần ven biển giúp chống xói mòn. (The coastal mangrove forest of cork trees helps prevent erosion.)
- Nút chai thường được làm từ bần. (Bottle stoppers are often made from cork.)
Noun (Material):
- Chiếc phao được làm bằng bần. (The float is made of cork.)
Adjective (Poor):
- Gia đình ông ấy trước kia rất bần. (His family was very poor in the past.)
- "Cờ bạc là bác thằng bần." (Tục ngữ: Gambling is the master of the poor man.)
Adjective (Stingy):
- Đừng có bần thế, mời người ta cốc nước đi. (Don't be so stingy, offer them a glass of water.)

Advanced Usage

"cảnh bần" / "cảnh bần hàn": A state of poverty or destitution.
- Sau chiến tranh, nhiều người rơi vào cảnh bần hàn. (After the war, many people fell into destitution.)
"bần cùng": Extremely poor, impoverished to the utmost degree.
- Sự bần cùng đôi khi dẫn đến tội ác. (Extreme poverty sometimes leads to crime.)

Variants and Related Words

Bần nông (noun): Poor peasant; a farmer with little or no land.
Bần tiện (adjective): Despicable, vile, base (often referring to character or behavior, not just poverty).
Bần hàn (adjective): Impoverished, needy.
Nhà bần (noun): A poor house; a shack.

Synonyms

Related Phrases

"Bần cùng sinh đạo tặc" (Idiom): Poverty gives birth to thieves; extreme need can drive people to crime.
"Thằng bần" (Noun phrase): A poor fellow/wretch (can be derogatory).

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