chứng

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The Vietnamese word "chứng" is a noun that can have multiple meanings depending on the context. Here’s a detailed explanation for new learners:

Basic Meaning:

1. Disease/Health Trouble: "Chứng" can refer to a specific health issue or trouble. For example:

   • Chứng ho means "coughing trouble," indicating a persistent cough.
   • Chứng đau đầu means "headache," referring to the trouble of having a headache.

2. Bad Habit: It can also mean a bad habit or behavior. For example:

   • Chứng ba hoa refers to "the bad habit of blabbing," meaning someone talks excessively or indiscreetly.
   • Chứng nghiện means "addiction," showing a strong habit that is hard to break.

3. Evidence/Proof: "Chứng" can also mean evidence or proof in a legal or formal context. For example:

   • Đứng ra làm chứng means "to offer to give evidence," as in someone who testifies in court.
   • Nói có sách, mách có chứng translates to "to cite verse and chapter when speaking," which means to provide evidence or sources to support one's statements.

Usage Instructions:

• "Chứng" is often used in phrases to describe health conditions or habits. It can also be used in legal contexts to refer to evidence.
• When using "chứng," you can pair it with adjectives or other nouns to clarify the type of trouble or habit you are referring to.

Examples:

• Chứng ho: "Tôi bị chứng ho suốt tuần." (I have had a cough for a week.)
• Chứng ba hoa: "Cô ấy có chứng ba hoa, luôn nói chuyện không ngừng." (She has the bad habit of blabbing, always talking nonstop.)
• Đứng ra làm chứng: "Anh ấy đã đứng ra làm chứng trong phiên tòa." (He testified in court.)
• Nói có sách, mách có chứng: "Khi tranh luận, hãy nói có sách, mách có chứng." (When debating, make sure to provide evidence.)

Advanced Usage:

In more advanced contexts, "chứng" can be used in idiomatic expressions: - Chứng nào tật nấy: This phrase means "a habit is a second nature," suggesting that people often do what they are used to, no matter the situation. - Cá không ăn muối cá ươn, người không ăn học người dốt: This idiom highlights that without proper education or guidance (proof/evidence), one may not be able to improve or change.

Word Variants:

• Chứng nhận: This means "certification" or "recognition," often used in official contexts.
• Chứng minh: This means "to prove" or "to demonstrate," referring to the act of providing evidence.

Different Meanings:

• While "chứng" primarily refers to health issues, bad habits, or evidence, it can also relate to any form of proof or verification depending on the context.

Synonyms:

• For disease/trouble, you might use bệnh (disease).
• For bad habit, you can use tật xấu (bad habit).
• For evidence, you can use bằng chứng (proof).

Academic

noun

1. Disease, trouble
   • chứng ho
     the coughing trouble
2. Bad habit
   • chứng ba hoa
     The bad habit of blabbing
   • chứng nào tật nấy
     Habit is a second nature; Can the leopard change his spots? ; What is bred in the bone will come out in the flesh
3. Evidence, proof
   • đứng ra làm chứng
     To offer to give evidence
   • nói có sách mách có chứng
     to cite verse and chapter when speaking and produce evidence when informing

verb

1. None