phong
Definition
Verb:
- To confer, to bestow (a title, rank, or land): This is the primary meaning, used formally when a sovereign (like a king or emperor) or a high authority grants an honor, title, or feudal land.
- To appoint, to nominate (to a high position or title): Used when a state or official body formally grants a professional title, military rank, or honorary designation.
Noun:
- A square packet or envelope: Refers to a neatly folded and sealed package, typically made of paper, containing items like letters, documents, or food.
- Leprosy: A historical/medical term for the chronic infectious disease caused by bacteria, affecting the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes.
Usage Examples
- Verb:
- Nhà vua phong cho ông ta tước hiệu "Quận Công". (The king conferred upon him the title of "Duke.")
- Ông ấy vừa được phong hàm Thiếu tướng. (He was just appointed to the rank of Major General.)
- Noun:
- Cô ấy nhận được một phong thư. (She received a letter [in an envelope].)
- Một phong bánh mì khô. (A packet of dry biscuits.)
Advanced Usage
- "sắc phong": A royal edict or decree used to confer a title. It refers to the physical document bestowing the honor.
- Gia đình còn giữ được bản sắc phong của vua. (The family still keeps the king's conferment edict.)
- "phong ấp": To grant a fiefdom (land and the people on it) as a reward.
- Công thần được phong ấp ở vùng biên giới. (The meritorious official was granted a fiefdom in the border region.)
Variants and Related Words
- Phong tước (v): To confer a noble title.
- Vị tướng trung thành được phong tước. (The loyal general was ennobled.)
- Phong bì (n): An envelope (specifically for letters).
- Viết địa chỉ lên phong bì. (Write the address on the envelope.)
- Phong bao (n): A red envelope (lì xì) or a packet, often for money gifts.
- Phong bao mừng tuổi. (A lucky money envelope for Lunar New Year.)
Synonyms
- Confer / Bestow: To grant an honor, title, or gift formally.
- Appoint: To assign a job or role officially.
- Envelope / Packet: A flat paper container for a letter or a small wrapped package.
Related Idioms
- Phong ba bão táp: Storms and tempests; used metaphorically to describe great difficulties, turmoil, or challenges in life.
- Họ đã cùng nhau vượt qua bao phong ba bão táp. (They have overcome many storms and tempests together.)
- Được phong thần: To be deified; to be elevated to the status of a god or revered figure (often posthumously). Can be used literally or figuratively.
- Nhân vật lịch sử đó được người dân phong thần. (That historical figure was deified by the people.)
verb
-
(of king) to confer, to bestow
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